Efficient electrical energy usage is crucial for conserving electricity. In classrooms,
lights are sometimes left on when the room is unoccupied or already sufficiently
bright. Therefore, this study aims to develop an Internet of Things (IoT)-based
smart lighting system capable of automatically switching lights on and off based on
motion and ambient lighting conditions. The system utilizes an ESP32
microcontroller, four PIR sensors for motion detection, and an LDR sensor to
monitor room lighting levels. Additionally, a Telegram Bot is employed to provide
status updates regarding motion, lighting, room conditions, LDR readings, and
time. PIR sensor testing results indicate 100% detection accuracy at distances of 1
and 2 meters. Accuracy dropped to 90% at 3 meters, 80% at 4 meters, and 60% at
5 meters, demonstrating that the PIR sensor's motion detection capability tends to
decline as the distance to the object increases. Tests on lighting delay times yielded
average response times of 1.0, 1.8, 2.6, 3.8, and 4.2 seconds for distances of 1
through 5 meters, respectively. System tests confirmed that the lights activate when
motion is detected in a dark room, whereas they remain off in the absence of motion
or when the room is well-lit. The system is also capable of transmitting light and
sensor status information via the Telegram Bot. Implementing this system enhances
the efficiency of classroom lighting usage by automating control based on motion
and ambient light conditions.
Keywords: IoT, LDR Sensor, PIR Sensor, Classroom, ESP32